The selection of some combat sports and martial arts is made based on their reputation, linked to the number of practitioners and their dissemination throughout the world. In other words, sports that are or have been Olympic sports, as well as those who were at the heart of other major historical events.
Today, an Olympic sport is defined as being "widely practiced by men in at least 75 countries on four continents and by women in at least 40 countries on three continents."
This definition allows parallel to identify the disciplines that have the potential to reach this status of "universality" of their dissemination; as shown in Table below.
most broadcast sports in the world and many national federations
Today (dated data of 1998), martial arts and combat sports are prevalent in the world are:
1 - Boxing (190 countries)
2 - Judo (182 countries)
3 - The Taekwondo (157 countries)
4 - Karate (150 countries)
5 - control, include: "the two styles of Olympic wrestling "(136 countries)
6 - Sumo (81 countries).
1 - Boxing , formerly called pugilism (from "pygmachia" war of fists), was present at Ancient Olympic Games from 688 BC to 393 AD (the date of the ban on these games by the Emperor Theodosius). She never saw officially born in 1719 in England, through his first Grand Champion: James Figg (1719-1730). This discipline will return olymplique in 1904, while continuing to exist in parallel in its professional version (under the rules of the Marquis of Queensbury, used in World Heavyweight Championship from 1892). In modern times (eighteenth century), boxing was practiced primarily in England and the United States.
2 - Judo became an Olympic sport in 1964 after was invented in 1882 by Jigoro Kano from the techniques of the samurai warriors: ju-jitsu. This "fight Japan" was almost exclusively practiced in his home country until the middle of the century (the first world championships held in Tokyo in 1956). His best fighting sport, judo before becoming world and Olympic was the Japanese who ruled the longest (more than knowing, at the time, there was no weight class): Masahiko Kimura: 12 years of domination between 1937 and 1949.
3 - The success of taekwondo is more contemporary than judo. Olympic since 2000 he has begun to exist internationally (worldwide) in 1973 (winner in heavyweights, Korean Jeong Tae Kim). This sport was celebrated in 2005 its 17th World Championships (winner in heavyweights, Spaniard Ruben Montesinos). In the meantime, the only Korean I Gyoung Kim won three world titles (11th, 12th and 13th world championships between 1993 and 1997) in the supreme category.
4 - Karate , although widely practiced around the world, fishing in his division. Many schools, many styles and conflicting regulations; sometimes oriented speed and accuracy (control), now to the striking power and the pursuit of KO (efficiency) and Shotokan Kyokushinkaï being two chiefs-of-file. This martial art is still not an Olympic sport despite its wide distribution. But it had its first world championships in 1970 (winner in "kumite" Japanese Wada) and just celebrated his 17th in 2004 (winner in "kumite," category "open" the Englishman Daniels). In the meantime, no champion of the world "open" only managed to win a second title (the most common style "Shotokan").
5 - The fight, or rather should we say struggles, as judo and sumo wrestling are just two forms of struggle unique to Japan alone while they exist in virtually every country in the world. Indeed, the Olympic struggles, "Greco-Roman" and "free" are rooted in traditional wrestling. From 1896 to today, countries with high culture "war" provided the greatest champions and captured the most titles (including heavyweight):
- Russia and its former Soviet Republics;
- the United States of America;
- Turkey (in wrestling but now increasingly in the Greco-Roman);
- Scandinavia (in Greco-Roman) ;
- and the Germanic countries (in Greco-Roman).
Now it is in Turkey (more exactly in Edirne, near Adrianople), since 1349, have ceased to take place the greatest wrestling competitions in the world. According to legend, 40 brave men are dead tired after fighting from sunrise to sunset. At this same location gushed 40 sources (Kirkpinar) and the Sultan ordered Urat to organize annual competitions for "Yagla gures" (fight to the oil). Previously, it stood in Mongolia as the most important wrestling (Bokh "), since the time of Genghis Khan.
6 - Finally, sumo , recognizable by its wrestlers obese, although in existence for almost 2000 years, has a real champion in the last few centuries. Akashi Shiganosuke (env.2m05, 180 or 185 kg) Ayagawa Gojori (approx. 2m, approx. 150 kg) and Maruyama Gonzaemon (1m97, 166 or 170 kg), in that order, are considered the first three of yokozuna history although they have not carried this title, but rather that of "Hinoshita (the sun) Kaizan (founder of a temple)." The most successful of the 68 so far is yokozuna Taiho: 32 times yusho (Cup winner in tournaments of the emperor: the " basho ") for a reign from 1961 to 1971 (ten years). But it is not he who has the longest reign. Over a period of twelve years, he is a credit to three other yokozuna:
- from 1903 to 1915: Umegatani II (1.68m, 158 kg)
- from 1937 to 1945: Futabayama (1m79, 128 kg)
- and from 1941 to 1953: Haguroyama (1m79, 130 kg).
0 comments:
Post a Comment